4WD is a term most car manufacturers use for all-wheel drive systems . Additionally, the terms AWD and 4×4 are …
4×4 Allgrip: definition, characteristics and principle of operation
4×4 Allgrip is an intelligent four-wheel drive system installed on Suzuki vehicles. It was first used on the Vitara model …
What does 4Drive mean? Properties and technical specifications
4Drive is a permanent four-wheel drive system , which was developed for Seat vehicles. It even prevents minimal wheel slip …
A-TRAC: definition, function, operating principle, and causes of failure
A-TRAC is an active traction control system for a range of four-wheel drive vehicles -Toyota models. It improves the car's …
CST: description, characteristics and principle of operation
CST (Traction and Stability Control) is a stability control system for Ferrari -models. This optimizes the operation of the anti-lock …
What does S-AWC mean? Properties and technical specifications
S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control) is the name of a driving dynamics control system from Mitsubishi that has been installed …
MSP: definition, function, principle of operation and causes of failure
MSP (Maserati Stability Program) is an electronic stability control that used in Maserati vehicles. It stabilizes the vehicle's body when …
What does SI Drive mean? Description and principle of operation
At the SI-Drive is an intelligent engine and transmission control system installed in Subaru brand vehicles. It can be used …
What does ALL4 mean? Properties and technical specifications
ALL4 is a permanent all-wheel drive system , which is used on MINI vehicles. It optimizes traction, stability and handling …
What does SH-AWD mean? Description and principle of operation
SH-AWD is a active four-wheel drive system installed on Acura and Honda cars since 2004. It works in conjunction with …
SAWD: description, characteristics and principle of operation
Symmetrical AWD or SAWD is an all-wheel drive system in Subaru vehicles, which has been in use since 2003. It …
What does Q4 mean? Properties and technical specifications
Q4 is an all-wheel drive that has been used since 1994 in Alfa Romeo vehicles is installed. It improves the …
AFS: definition, function, principle of operation and causes of failure
AFS (Active Front Steering) is an active steering control system for vehicles from Cadillac and BMW. It was introduced in …
What does PSM mean? Description and principle of operation
PSM (Porsche Stability Management) is a stability control system that has been used since Used for Porsche models since 1998. …
IWD: description, characteristics and principle of operation
IWD (Individual Wheel Drive) is an individual all-wheel drive system, with which electric cars will be equipped with. With this …
OBD2 – Auto Fault Diagnosis
Who does not know it? You're on your way to vacation by car, you're looking forward to the exceptionally clear …
CSC: definition, function, principle of operation and causes of failure
CSC (Cornering Stability Control) is a system with the Tata models are equipped and that improves stability when braking in …
What does MASC mean? Description and principle of operation
MASC (Mitsubishi Active Stability Control) is a stability control that used in Mitsubishi models. It prevents skidding and improves the …
What is M57D30? engine performance characteristics
M57D30 is a turbocharged diesel engine using the common Rail injection is equipped. It was manufactured between 1998 and 2012 …
A guide to the start-stop battery
If you are not a specialist, you will quickly come across terms in the world of car parts that are …
