Cars are differentiated not only by model, but also by vehicle class. The middle class car, for example, is certainly …
The e-vignette in the toll system: how it works
You don't have to travel far by plane to spend your vacation in beautiful places. The nearer foreign countries also …
Retrofit car sunroof
Many people ask themselves the question when buying a car: “Sunroof – yes or no?”. While this used to be …
Mobile phone at the wheel: penalty, fine, driving ban
The smartphone allows us to be reachable and online anytime, anywhere. But you should be particularly careful when driving a …
Number plates in The United Kingdom
So that authorities can assign vehicles to their vehicle owner and generally distinguish them from one another, there are so-called …
This is how you can check and replace car fuses
Today's modern vehicles convince more and more with technical top performance. Be it the emergency brake assistant, which ensures automatic …
How can I test a coolant temperature sensor
In order to be able to check the operating temperature of the engine, there is the Coolant Temperature Sensor. The …
What is a blind spot
In order to be particularly safe on the road, we visit the driver's license test, attend the driving school and …
Tailgate dampers: function, defects and replacement
Tailgate dampers not only increase comfort when using the trunk. These components also ensure that your trunk lid behaves as …
ATTESA: Description, characteristics and principle of operation
ATTESA (Advanced Total Traction Engineering System for All-Terrain) is the designation for all-wheel drive systems used in Nissan and Infiniti …
XWD: definition, function, principle of operation and causes of failure
XWD, Cross-Wheel Drive or Haldex Generation 4 are names for the all-wheel drive system that was first introduced in 2008 …
FWD: definition, characteristics and principle of operation
FWD is the generic term for front wheel drive. It was first installed in the Alvis Roadster in 1928. It …
What does 4motion mean? Description and principle of operation
4motion is a patented brand name for all-wheel drive systems in Volkswagen cars. It has been used since 1998. Until …
PCS: description, characteristics and principle of operation
PCS (Precision Control System) is an electronic stability control system for Oldsmobile -models. The first installation was in 2000 on …
What does RWD mean? Properties and technical specifications
RWD (rear wheel drive) is the universal name for rear wheel drive systems that for all brands of passenger and …
What does DSA mean? Description and principle of operation
DSA (Dynamic Stability Assistance) is a dynamic stability control system that specially developed for compact Volvo models. This prevents the …
4Matic: definition, properties and principle of operation
4Matic is an all-wheel drive system used in Mercedes-Benz cars is mounted. This system was developed in-house by Daimler AG. …
What does 4×4 mean? Properties and technical specifications
4×4 is the general term for all-wheel drive systems, the two-axle Power vehicles. The term often refers specifically to the …
xDrive: description, characteristics and principle of operation
xDrive is a proprietary all-wheel drive system that has been used in BMW cars since 2003 equipped. It is available …
What does All Trac mean? Properties and technical specifications
All-Trac is a permanent four-wheel drive system installed on certain Toyota vehicles between the years 1988 and 2000. It was …
